
Architects
Discover the visionaries behind the world's most iconic golf courses
- A. V. MacanDublin, Ireland
Arthur Vernon Macan was a prolific golf writer and he carefully constructed detailed clay models of the holes he designed. He remained active in both writing and design until his sudden death in 1964.
Read moreNamed after his father, Arthur Vernon Macan Jr. was born in Dublin. Macan Sr. graduated from Trinity College Dublin with a degree in medicine and learned all too quickly about surgery while on the battlefield serving in the Prussian Army as a field doctor.
- A. W. TillinghastPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
A.W. Tillinghast’s father took him to St Andrews in 1896 and introduced him to Old Tom Morris. His golfing passion developed rapidly following lessons from the old master and four-time Open Champion.
Read more“A.W. Tillinghast, known in his day as “Tillie the Terror”, was as outstanding golf architect, and also one of the most colorful characters in the history of golf,” wrote Geoff Cornish and Ron Whitten in The Golf Course. “The only child of a wealthy Philadelphia couple, Tillinghast was a spoiled, pampered youth. He ran with a local gang of boys – called The Kelly Street Gang – who seemed bent on engaging in the most scandalous behaviour that could be attempted in the late 1890s.
- Alex RussellGeelong, Victoria, Australia
Alister MacKenzie and Alex Russell had similar backgrounds. Both were Cambridge men who served in the British Army during WWI where they realized the importance of camouflage in combat.
Read moreAlex Russell was descended from the Russell family, who were farmers in the Kingdom of Fife during the 18th century, and he was the first child of Philip Russell and Mary Gray (“Cissie”) Guthrie. Both his parents were golfers at Geelong and Royal Melbourne golf clubs.
- Alice DyeIndianapolis, Indiana, USA
Alice Dye was the USA’s "First Lady" of golf architecture. She designed some of the country's best courses, won more than 50 amateur golf titles, and became the first female member of the ASGCA.
Read moreAlice Dye, born Alice Holliday O’Neal in Indianapolis, left Shortridge High School to study at Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida, where she first met her future husband. She then graduated with a Batchelor of Science degree in Zoology in 1948 before marrying Pete Dye a couple of years later then moving back to her home city with him.
- Alister MacKenzieNormanton, Yorkshire, England
Alister MacKenzie was born in England, but his parents were Scottish and the family holidayed every year close to where his father was raised in the traditional Clan MacKenzie lands of Sutherland.
Read moreEducated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield before commencing medical studies at Caius College, Cambridge in 1888, Alister MacKenzie graduated from university with a couple of degrees in 1897, by which time he was already working in his father’s general medical practice.
- Allan RobertsonSt Andrews, Scotland
Allan Robertson was generally thought to have been the greatest player of his day. He was certainly, if unofficially, the first greenkeeper and golf course designer in history as well as the first golf professional.
Read moreAllan Robertson was born in the Auld Grey Toon of St Andrews at a point in history when golf was beginning to captivate the imaginations of well-heeled gentlemen. Robertson was the pre-eminent club and feathery ball-maker of his time, inheriting his grandfather’s business from his father.
- Archie SimpsonEarlsferry, Fife, Scotland,
Archie Simpson was the player, teacher, clubmaker and golf course designer that nobody remembers. Bernard Darwin reckoned, “He had one of the most graceful swings of all players of his day.”
Read moreArchie Simpson was born to brick masons and weavers in Earlsferry in Fife in 1866. “Though the world of golf in general may have been but a small one in 1870,” wrote Bernard Darwin in James Braid’s biography, “Earlsferry was a very busy little golfing world on its own account… There were doubtless some who were fine golfers though little known outside their own parish, but there were other’s who carried the fame of Earlsferry far and wide, in particular the Simpson family, six brothers, headed by Jack and Archie.”
- Arnold PalmerLatrobe, Pennsylvania, USA
Arnie teamed up with Ed Seay in 1972, forming the Palmer Course Design Company which was later renamed Arnold Palmer Design Company when the firm moved to Orlando, Florida, in 2006.
Read moreArnold Palmer’s father Deacon was the head professional and green keeper at Latrobe Country Club in Pennsylvania so the young Arnie grew up in a golfing environment, helping his father about the club. He attended Wake Forest College in North Carolina but left in 1951 to enlist with the US Coast Guard, where he served for three years.
- Arthur HillsToledo, Ohio, USA
Arthur Hills started playing golf when he was seven. He lived just across the railroad tracks from Ottawa Park municipal course in Toledo, Ohio, where he could play golf for 26 cents before noon.
Read moreArthur Hills started playing golf when he was seven. He lived just across the railroad tracks from Ottawa Park Golf Course – a municipal course built around 1900 where he could play golf for 26 cents before noon – in Toledo, Ohio.
- Bernhard von LimburgerLeipzig, Germany
‘Limmy’ was an excellent amateur golfer, winning the German Amateur Closed Championship three times between 1921-1925. In total, he represented Germany 35 times in international golf competition.
Read moreBernhard von Limburger learned the game of golf in Scotland as a young boy and joined the local Gaschwitz Golf Club near his hometown of Leipzig. ‘Limmy’, as he was nicknamed, soon became an excellent amateur golfer, winning the German Amateur Closed Championship three times between 1921 and 1925, and he went on to represent Germany thirty-five times in international golf competition.
- Bob CuppLewistown, Pennsylvania, USA
Bob Cupp had visions of becoming a Tour pro but settled for a job in an advertising agency then took over the pro shop at a local public course, where he became involved in making course improvements.
Read moreBob graduated from the University of Miami with a degree in Art in 1961 before serving with the military at Fort Richardson in Alaska. During his term of service, he earned a Masters in Fine Arts from the University of Alaska through an Army extension program then moved back to Miami with his wife and young family.
- Bob GrimsdellAmersham, Bucks, England
Bob Grimsdell was a skilful professional golfer and the pioneer of golf course architecture in South Africa whose legacy has been largely overlooked outside of his adopted homeland.
Read moreBob Grimsdell left his native England when he was a teenager and travelled to South Africa. He joined the South African armed forces and was subsequently deployed to France during the First World War, holding a commission in the Royal Air Force until 1920. After hostilities ended he moved back to England, married, and became the professional at Chorley Golf Club in Lancashire.
- Bob HarrisonSydney, New South Wales, Australia
Harrison joined the newly formed Greg Norman Design firm in 1988 and for the following twenty years he was the lead architect for all of the Great White Shark’s Asian and Australian golf course projects.
Read moreBob Harrison was educated at St Ignatius College in Sydney before graduating from the University of Sydney with a degree in Civil Engineering. His final year thesis was written about a golf-residential project for the Lend Lease Corporation and he spent more than a decade with that company on golf-residential work and commercial project management.
- Brian SilvaFramingham, Massachusetts, USA
Brian Silva joined Geoff Cornish and his partner Bill Robinson in 1983 and he remained with the company until 2000, when he left to establish his own design practice.
Read moreBrian Silva’s father, John Silva, was a feature shaper who was really handy operating a D4 bulldozer in the light construction business. Brian was only 8 or 9 when he was sitting on his dad’s lap while he worked on projects for architects like Geoff Cornish, George Fazio and Phil Wogan.
- C. B. MacdonaldNiagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
In 1872, aged sixteen, Charles Blair Macdonald sailed across the Atlantic on a paddle steamer to live with his grandfather in St Andrews to study at the Auld Grey Toon’s University.
Read moreIn 1872, aged sixteen, Charles Blair Macdonald sailed from Chicago across the Atlantic on a paddle steamer to live with his grandfather in St Andrews to study at the Auld Grey Toon’s University. He quickly became adept at the game of golf and within a year he played in matches with Old Tom Morris and his son Young Tom. His fond reminiscences are chronicled in his book, Scotland’s Gift – Golf.
- C. H. AlisonPreston, Lancashire, England
Alison studied history, law and divinity at Oxford and represented the university in Varsity matches. In one of these contests he famously pitched onto Woking’s 18th green from the clubhouse verandah roof.
Read moreHugh Alison, as he was known to his friends, was educated in Worcestershire at Malvern College before going on to study history, law and divinity at New College, Oxford. He represented the university in the 1903 and 1904 Varsity matches and in the second of these contests, he famously pitched onto the 18th green at Woking from the clubhouse verandah roof.
- C. K. CottonSonning-on-Thames, Berkshire, England
Cotton didn't take up golf course architecture until the end of WWII when well over 50. In between times he taught as a schoolmaster before drifting into the role of secretary at Parkstone and Stoke Poges.
Read moreDonald Steel wrote a story for the Sunday Telegraph with Ken Cotton, who subsequently became his senior partner. He was building two courses – St Pierre and Ross-on-Wye – in the early 1960s, so he went to both locations and wrote a piece about building new golf layouts, which he found absolutely fascinating.
- C. K. HutchisonChelsea, London, England
Hutchison served as assistant to James Braid during the construction of Gleneagles and the reconstruction of Carnoustie. In the mid-1920s he formed a firm with Colonel S.V. Hotchkin.
Read moreCecil Hutchison was educated at Eton College, Windsor, where he excelled at a number of sports. He played cricket for the school then went on to represent the Household Brigade and turn out occasionally for Marylebone Cricket Club between 1898 and 1904.
- Cabell RobinsonWashington D.C., USA
Robinson graduated from Princeton University with a degree in history and then studied landscape architecture at Harvard Graduate School of Design, becoming pals with another student, Rees Jones.
Read moreCabell Robinson was born in Washington DC and grew up in the suburbs of Maryland. He attended the Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virgina then enrolled at Princeton University, graduating with a degree in history. He went on to study landscape architecture at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, becoming friends with another student, Rees Jones.
- Charles RedheadBillesdon, England
It has been claimed that by 1937, there were not more than four courses of note in the whole of New Zealand that had not been remodelled or bunkered by Charles Redhead.
Read moreCharles Redhead was born in Leicestershire and moved over several county boundaries to Lancashire before leaving England for the Emerald Isle prior to the outbreak of the First World War.