Harry Colt was the youngest of six children born to a solicitor father who died when he was only two years old. His mother then moved the family from London to Malvern, where he played golf at Worcestershire Golf Club’s original course on the common, becoming a proficient, plus-handicap player.

After attending Monkton Combe School in Bath, Colt studied law at Clare College, Cambridge. Twelve months after his 1887 enrolment, he joined the committee of the Cambridge University Golf Club and in 1889 became the club's first captain. After graduation he was admitted to the bar, becoming a solicitor and partner in the Hastings law firm of Sayer & Colt.

In 1894 he laid out the new course at Rye with Scottish professional Douglas Rolland and in 1895 was appointed Honorary Secretary of Rye Golf Club with Rolland becoming the club’s first professional. Between 1901 and 1913, Colt served as Sunningdale Golf Club’s first Secretary. Interestingly, when he first took up his appointment at Sunningdale his annual salary was £150.00, about a tenth of what he would have earned had he remained in the legal profession.

In 1907, twelve months after he reached the semi-final of the Amateur Championship, 

 (the first Honorary Secretary at Alwoodley Golf Club) called upon Colt to help him design a new course on the outskirts of Leeds, and the doctor later joined 

 becoming Colt’s second business partner. Two years later, Colt’s new course opened at Stoke Park, framed by the iconic backdrop of the 18th century mansion house, designed by James Wyatt, architect to King George III.

His “least bad course”, Swinley Forest, quietly opened for play in 1911. Authors Henry Lord and Peter Pugh, commented in 

Masters of Design – Great Courses of Colt, MacKenzie, Alison & Morrison

 as follows: “One of the most astonishing things about Colt’s routing was that it was mapped out in his mind’s eye before any of the thousands of pine trees covering the site were removed.”

Already within his portfolio were Blackmoor, St George’s Hill and Camberley Heath. Colt had also visited France and laid out Golf de Saint-Cloud in Paris. He had also sailed to North America and designed new courses for the Toronto Golf Club and the Country Club of Detroit. Additionally, Colt worked with 

 at Old Elm Club and routed Pine Valley with Philadelphian hotelier, George Crump.

In 1913, prior to the outbreak of the First World War, unable to remain committed to his duties at Sunningdale, Colt resigned as Secretary, having now established himself as one of the world’s leading golf course architects. He was now utilising the services of Suttons Seeds, along with George Franks and Claude Harris, who had formed the first golf construction firm, Franks Harris.

“When peace returned at the end of 1918”, remarked Henry Lord and Peter Pugh, “Colt wrote to all his old golfing contacts offering the services of Colt, Alison and MacKenzie… in 1920, [MacKenzie] was increasingly keen to branch out on his own, following Alison to North America and the prestigious commissions he so craved.” MacKenzie left the Colt and Alison partnership in 1923 so “Colt brought a new assistant, the 30-year-old 

, into the fold… In 1922 he began helping Colt with the building of Sunningdale’s New course… In 1928 Morrison was made an official partner and the new company of Colt, Alison & Morrison was formed.”

“Colt had really stopped designing courses in 1939, happy to let his two partners stand out on their own while he remained in the peaceful seclusion of East Hendred with his wife, Laura, until she passed away in 1948.” Henry Shapland "Harry" Colt died three years later in 1951.

 by Donald Steel: “He was the first captain of Rye in 1894, a mere five years after holding office as captain of Cambridge University. His is the first name to be shown on the Honours Board in the dining room at Worlington, although Colt’s Cambridge days preceded the club’s foundation in 1893.

Colt courses are always eminently playable, not heavily-bunkered and with no long carries. Denham is a good example of his handiwork; a stiff enough test to make good players think without posing too much of a handful for the rank and file.

Donald Ross may have had Colt in mind in his general reference to ‘golf as it was meant to be played’. Both were pioneers of a new art whereby great thoughts went into the process of providing a coherent sequence to the layout with interesting green design as a separate study.”

 by Cornish & Whitten: “Several firsts in golf course design are generally attributed to H.S. Colt. He was the first to consistently use a drawing board in preparing his course designs. He was the first to prepare tree-planting plans for his layouts.”

: “In Britain, Harry Colt was the first amateur golfer – rather than professional – to earn a reputation as an architect. Some say he is still the greatest of them all.”

“Colt had a few simple dictums. The early holes should ease you into the round; nothing too demanding at the start. Ideally, every club in the bag should be used, regardless of skill. The routing of the course would be determined by the land, and there would be no hard and fast rule about the numbers of par threes or fives on any given nine… Colt had no peer as a designer of short holes.”

 – such is the capricious nature of ceremonial awards Harry Colt is shamefully absent from the Hall of Fame despite the inclusion of a number of Colt’s contemporaries.


Creating Classics: The golf courses of Harry Colt 

Such is the capricious nature of ceremonial awards, Harry Colt is shamefully absent from the World Golf Hall of Fame despite the inclusion of a number of his contemporaries.

Harry Colt

Harry Colt studied law at Clare College, Cambridge. Twelve months after his 1887 enrolment, he joined the committee of the Cambridge University Golf Club and in 1889 became the club's first captain.

Willie Park Jr. was born in 1864 in Musselburgh, the second of four sons belonging to (Old) Willie Park, the four-time Open Champion. Young Willie would win the Open twice himself, becoming one of five Musselburgh golfers to do so. In fact, of the first twenty-nine Opens played, eleven were won by men from the Honest Toun.

When he turned sixteen, Willie served under his uncle Mungo Park (the 1874 Open Champion) at Tyneside Golf Club in Northumberland, acting as assistant greenkeeper and club professional. His father, Willie Park Senior, was asked to design a course at Innerleithen in the Borders in 1886 but was unable to do so, allowing his son Willie Junior to step in and do the work on his behalf. He took over as greenkeeper from Mungo when he moved to Alnmouth in 1892 but he returned to his father and the family business in Musselburgh soon after.

From now on, his career followed three different paths simultaneously.

His playing career blossomed to the extent that he would win the Open twice in three years (1887 at Prestwick and 1889 at Musselburgh) and his golf course design business also flourished, with Willie Jr. laying out new 9-hole courses or revising and lengthening others.

Back in Musselburgh, Willie transformed his father’s club and ball making business into a thriving small factory, employing forty people in the workshop and twenty in retail branches in Edinburgh, Manchester and London.

He invented a number of new clubs, such as a lofter, a mashie cleek and a bulger. He also patented a diamond design for the cover of a gutta percha ball in 1894 and “The Royal” ball that he sold had a unique cover of small hexagonal facets.

Within the British Isles, Willie Park Jr. is probably best known for laying out the original course at Sunningdale and for his involvement with the groundbreaking project at Huntercombe, even though the failure of a proposed real estate element with this development was something of a financial disaster for him.

There’s no doubt that Willie Park Jr. was a main figure in the spread of golf to the rest of the world. He travelled overseas occasionally on assignments in Austria, Belgium, France and Ireland but it’s North America where he really made his mark, having moved there after the Great War.

Willie Park Junior – The man who took Golf to the World

, the author writes about Willie Park Jr. working on the other side of the Atlantic: “With a base in Montreal, and offices in New York and Toronto, he threw himself into course construction on a big scale... involved with major suppliers and contractors in building courses.”

The author notes 60 courses across sixteen US states and five Canadian provinces that are attributed to Willie Park Jr. though the list may be incomplete and a few of the original layouts have not survived. When added to more than 100 courses that he designed closer to home in the early part of his career, it’s a phenomenal body of work.

 by Keith Cutten the author states: “In 1901, when both Sunningdale (Old) and Huntercombe opened to rave reviews, Willie Park Jr significantly elevated the standard for inland golf course architecture in Britain. With these works, located west of London, Park had broken new ground. At Sunningdale, Park became one of the first to select a site densely covered with brush because of the material underneath.

Indeed, Park understood that sand was a common thread of all great courses; and it was this element, as a feature, that he exploited when exploring golfing possibilities in the area which would be famously known as the ‘heathlands of England. At Huntercombe, a course laid out over an ancient, turf-established common, Park again broke the mould by crafting large greens, supported by by rolling fairway contours, plus boldly constructed hazards.

Contrasting the previous benchmark for inland British courses, everything appeared to be natural. These two projects secured Park’s success, enabling him to become one of the first full-time golf course architects.”

Geoff Cornish and Ron Whitten sum up his contribution to golf design in

 called him the ‘doyen’ of course architects and credited him with setting the standards adhered to by the countless designers who followed. Willie Park Jr. was surely one of the virtuoso golf architects.”

It’s said that Willie Park Jr. worked himself to death. In 1924, he suffered some sort of a nervous breakdown and his brother Mungo closed down his business operations in North America and took Willie back to Musselburgh. Sadly, he died the following year in an Edinburgh hospital, aged sixty-one.


 (1896) by Willie Park Jr. is reckoned to be the first book about golf written by a professional player. Apart from a number of chapters covering how to play the game, chapter ten (Laying Out and Keeping Golf-Links) is one of the earliest written descriptions about golf course architecture.

Willie Park Junior – The Man who took Golf to the World

World Golf Hall of Fame – Class of 2013: Willie Park Jr. was one of golf’s first true Renaissance men – two-time Open champion, golf equipment maker, golf writer and one of the world’s best golf course architects… “A man who can putt is a match for anyone.”

Willie Park Jr.

​Willie Park Jr. was born in Musselburgh, the second of four sons of (Old) Willie Park, four-time Open Champion. Young Willie won the Open twice himself, becoming one of five Musselburgh men to do so.

 was born in the west of Scotland, the son of a mechanical engineer father and a mother who was a historian and Old Norse linguist. While still a teenager, his family moved to the Highlands and he spent a good part of his formative golfing years in Dornoch working as a greenkeeper and a caddy.

He carried Seve Ballesteros’s bag when he came to play an exhibition match at his old club and he later spent a year on the European Tour caddying for professionals like Andrew Oldcorn and Jeff Hawkes. Mackenzie studied at Edinburgh College of Art and Heriot Watt University, playing to a low single figure handicap when competing in university golf matches.

Tom graduated with a Landscape Architecture degree in 1989 and began work almost immediately with 

, which was a dream start for a young man setting out in his design career. A member of West Sussex Golf Club, he’s also a member of the European Institute of Golf Course Architects, serving as president from 2015 to 2107.

 enrolled at Cambridge University to study engineering, organising the university golf club’s tour to the northeast of the United States of America in 1989, the year of the 100th Varsity Match, when the squad played at the likes of Merion, Pine Valley and Shinnecock Hills. After gaining a degree in his chosen subject, Martin did a postgraduate year which meant another year of university golf, naturally.

He applied for many jobs within the golf industry and ended up interviewing for what he hoped would be a management position at Foxhills Country Club & Resort. Instead, he was offered a start as a waiter! As it turned out, he became friendly with (and later married) one of the Spanish waitresses, Ana Alonso from Santander, who had been studying law in Madrid but was then learning English in England.

She introduced Martin to Manuel Ballesteros when they were in the north of Spain on a visit but the lack of a relevant qualification in a subject such as agronomy prevented him getting a start with Amen Corner, Seve’s design firm. Instead, he returned home and spent time as a night shift shelf stacker in a local supermarket before his big breakthrough into golf happened through Andy Mackenzie, whose brother Tom had been working for a year with architect Donald Steel.

 article by Peter Masters in June 2019, the author has this to say about Martin’s early days with Donald Steel:

It started as something of an apprenticeship but quite quickly progressed into a strong three-man team with Steel leading from the front before allowing his younger fledglings to deal with the more detailed design work. He rarely drew any maps or plans, preferring to work on site with the developers and constructors.

This was in contrast to Tom whose skilful sketches set him aside from the other two. “The quality of his drawings blew my mind,” remembers Ebert.” I couldn’t do that, but I could do engineering contour plans defining levels of the ground. Tom copied me and that’s what we use today.”

 was formed in 2005, after Tom and Martin had spent fifteen productive years as lead designers with Donald Steel & Company. Chris Hugget, an Engineering Design graduate who did graphic design for Donald, joined the firm in 2006 and he now looks after a variety of functions for the practice, including 2D and 3D visualisation, drafting and documentation. He’s also a qualified drone pilot.

Mike Howard, a graduate in Environmental Geography at the University of Stirling with a Masters in Landscape Architecture from the University of Edinburgh, is the newest member of the team, arriving in 2016. He still plays in national tournaments but is involved in a wide range of activities, from historic research to on-site construction visits.

An important part of the firm’s effort involves offering advice to golf clubs. As their website states: “all clubs have different needs and problems and we relish our advisory work on established courses. It is amongst the most challenging work but is often the most rewarding.”

As at the end of 2018, it’s reckoned the company had offered guidance to nearly two hundred clubs since it had been formed. At that time, it was providing consultation services to seven of the ten clubs currently on the Open rota. This work forms only a small percentage of the company’s total output but it’s easily the most prestigious and high profile element of what they do.

Upgrade work at Royal Troon, Trump Turnberry and Royal Portrush has been carried out following the company’s tried and trusted formula of conducting historical research into the evolution and development of the courses, taking a close look at club archives, assessing past editions of newspapers and sourcing old ground and aerial photography.

Other completed projects to re-open to critical acclaim in recent times include the reworked Himalayas nine at Prince’s in Kent, Delamere Forest in Cheshire, the Championship layout at Trevose in Cornwall and the West course at Saunton in Devon.

Heathland regeneration programs have also been supported at clubs such as Liphook, New Zealand, Hindhead and Royal Wimbledon, where selected tree removal and restoration of heathland areas offers wildlife a more natural habitat in which to thrive.

On the international front, Martin and Tom worked in North America and a few other overseas locations during their time with Donald Steel but their foreign work has been fairly limited in the past few years. That may well change following the firm’s appointment to restore Hugh Alison’s world-ranked layout at Hirono in Japan and it’ll be interesting to see if similar assignments come their way following the completion of this one.

There are two Goodwood Golf Clubs located in different continents in Mackenzie & Ebert's portfolio. Goodwood Golf Club in Sussex, England (originally designed by 

) was a renovation project. Goodwood Golf Club in Ontario, Canada, is an original Mackenzie & Ebert design. Ironically both are private clubs.

Tom Mackenzie and Martin Ebert were lead designers at Donald Steel & Co. for fifteen years before starting their own company in 2005. They advise seven of the ten current Open venues and consult at a large number of clubs with courses ranked in our Britain & Ireland Top 100.

Mackenzie & Ebert

Mackenzie & Ebert was formed in 2005, after the duo had spent fifteen years as lead designers with Donald Steel & Co. They now provide advice to seven of the ten current Open Championship venues.

Surrey

Women's Home Internationals

England

"The Royal Wimbledon Club was founded some two hundred and sixty years after the 

," wrote Bernard Darwin in his 1910 book, 

, "and yet golf is still so young a game in England that the two appear of almost equally hoary antiquity. There is an old-fashioned air about the golf at Wimbledon – an atmosphere of red coats and friendly foursomes made up at luncheon, which is exceedingly pleasant."

Did you know that Dr William Laidlaw Purves was a member at Royal Wimbledon Golf Club? The doctor went on to discover and design the course at 

 and was also one of the founding fathers of the Ladies Golf Union.

Golf was probably played on Wimbledon Common in the early 19th century. Records go back to 1864, suggesting that some of the London Scottish Rifle Volunteer Corps, who were posted nearby, met on Wimbledon Common to form the London Scottish Golf Club. Tom Dunn designed the original course and the Royal Wimbledon Golf Club came into existence in 1882. But there was trouble brewing in the ranks of the two clubs and eventually, in 1907, the Royal Wimbledon Club moved to its present location at Caesar's Camp and Willie Park Junior designed this "new" course.

"A wonderful place is this new Wimbledon course," wrote Darwin, "for as soon as we are on it all signs of men, houses and omnibuses, and other symptoms of a busy suburb disappear as if by magic, and a prospect of glorious solitary woods stretches away into the distance in every direction." Even today, visitors will experience a delightful peaceful atmosphere. But the course we play today is very much the work of one of Royal Wimbledon's many famous members – Harry Colt. Some other well-known members include Roger Wethered and Lord Rothschild.

Royal Wimbledon is a tough test with narrow undulating tree-lined fairways. Accuracy is all-important on this 6,348-yard par 70 course. One of the best holes is the 12th, a long semi-doglegging par four, measuring 452 yards from the medal tees. After a solid drive you'll be left with a tough approach shot to a plateau green.

One of the easiest holes at Royal Wimbledon is the short par four 6th. But we bet you can't match the remarkable feat of the former Royal Wimbledon Captain, Edward VIII. When he was Prince of Wales he holed out in one on this 265-yard par four.

Tom Mackenzie completed phase three of a Course Development Plan in 2018, with work carried out on the 6th, 11th, 13th and 17th holes. Paths were re-routed and re-surfaced, trees were cleared to open out views and promote heather regeneration and bunkers were refurbished to give them more character. Phase four in early 2020 saw the par four 2nd and par three 5th reopen after refurbishment.

Royal Wimbledon

West Surrey

Britain & Ireland

Royal Wimbledon Golf Club is a jewel in the heart of London. A delightful peaceful course with fairways lined with mature oak, chestnut and silver birch trees, with a little gorse thrown in for good measure.